Pemrosesan cetakan
- 2024-10-29
Pembuatan cetakan mengacu pada pemrosesan alat pembentuk dan pengosongan, serta pemotongan dan pemotongan cetakan. Biasanya cetakan terdiri dari dua bagian: cetakan atas dan cetakan bawah. Tempatkan pelat baja di antara cetakan atas dan bawah, dan bahan tersebut terbentuk di bawah aksi pers. Ketika mesin press dibuka, benda kerja yang ditentukan oleh bentuk cetakan akan diperoleh atau limbah yang bersangkutan akan dibuang. Dari konektor elektronik hingga panel instrumen otomotif, benda kerja dapat dicetak menggunakan cetakan. Cetakan progresif mengacu pada sekumpulan cetakan yang secara otomatis dapat memindahkan benda kerja yang diproses dari satu stasiun kerja ke stasiun kerja lainnya dan mendapatkan bagian cetakan di stasiun kerja terakhir. Teknologi pemrosesan cetakan meliputi cetakan pemotongan, cetakan stamping, cetakan komposit, cetakan ekstrusi, cetakan empat slide, cetakan progresif, cetakan stamping, cetakan die-cutting, dll.
1. Cetakan stempel logam: cetakan kontinu, cetakan tunggal, cetakan komposit, cetakan peregangan
2. Cetakan cetakan plastik: cetakan injeksi, cetakan ekstrusi, cetakan pembentuk vakum
3. Cetakan die casting
4. Menempa cetakan
5. Cetakan metalurgi serbuk
6. Cetakan karet
Pemotongan: bahan cetakan depan, bahan cetakan belakang, bahan sisipan, bahan baris, bahan atas miring;
Pembukaan bingkai: bingkai cetakan depan, bingkai cetakan belakang;
Penebalan: Penebalan rongga cetakan depan, rongga cetakan belakang, dan garis perpisahan;
Gong tembaga: gong tembaga cetakan depan, gong tembaga cetakan belakang, garis perpisahan gong tembaga sudut bening;
Pemotongan kawat: garis perpisahan tatahan, jantan tembaga, posisi bantal atas miring;
Gong komputer: garis perpisahan gong halus, inti cetakan belakang gong halus;
Percikan listrik: cetakan depan kasar, tembaga jantan, kawat cetakan jantan sudut bening, posisi tulang cetakan belakang, posisi bantal;
Pengeboran, lubang kecil, dan pin atas;
UGNX, Pro/NC, CATIA, MasterCAM, SurfCAM, TopSolid CAM, SPACE-E, CAMWORKS, WorkNC, TEBIS, HyperMILL, Powermill, GibbsCAM, FEATURECAM, dan banyak lagi
(1) Satu set cetakan umumnya terdiri dari cetakan cekung, cetakan cembung, dan rangka cetakan, dan beberapa juga dapat berupa beberapa modul rakitan. Jadi kombinasi cetakan atas dan bawah, kombinasi sisipan dan rongga, serta perakitan antar modul semuanya memerlukan akurasi pemesinan yang tinggi. Keakuratan dimensi cetakan presisi seringkali mencapai tingkat mikrometer.
(2) Beberapa produk, seperti penutup mobil, suku cadang pesawat terbang, mainan, dan peralatan rumah tangga, memiliki bentuk dan permukaan kompleks yang terdiri dari beberapa permukaan melengkung. Oleh karena itu, permukaan rongga cetakan sangat kompleks. Beberapa permukaan harus diproses menggunakan metode perhitungan matematis.
(3) Produksi cetakan dalam jumlah kecil bukanlah produksi massal, dan dalam banyak kasus hanya diproduksi satu batch.
(4) In multi process mold processing, various processes such as milling, boring, drilling, reaming, and threading are always used.
(5) The use of repetitive production molds has a lifespan. When the use of a mold exceeds its lifespan, a new mold needs to be replaced, so the production of molds often has repeatability.
(6) In the production of imitation machining molds, sometimes there are neither drawings nor data, and imitation machining needs to be carried out based on the actual object. This requires high imitation accuracy and no deformation.
(7) The mold material is excellent and has high hardness. The main material of the mold is often made of high-quality alloy steel, especially for molds with long service life, which are often made of martensitic steel such as Crl2 and CrWMn. This type of steel has strict requirements from rough forging, processing to heat treatment. Therefore, the formulation of processing technology cannot be ignored, and heat treatment deformation is also a serious issue that needs to be taken seriously in processing.
Based on the above characteristics, the selection of machine tools should meet the processing requirements as much as possible. The numerical control system should have strong functions, high machine tool accuracy, good rigidity, good thermal stability, and the ability to imitate.
Arrangement of processing technology flow
1. Bottom processing, guaranteed processing quantity;
2. Alignment of casting blank benchmark, inspection of 2D and 3D surface allowance;
3. Rough machining of 2D and 3D surfaces, non installation and non working surface machining (including safety platform surfaces, buffer installation surfaces, pressure plate surfaces, and side reference surfaces);
4. Before semi precision machining, find the correct side reference surface to ensure accuracy;
5. Semi precision machining of 2D and 3D surfaces, precision machining of various installation work surfaces (including limit block installation surface and contact surface, insert block installation surface and back surface, punch installation surface, waste cutter installation surface and back surface, spring installation surface and contact surface, various stroke limit work surfaces, wedge installation surface and back surface), semi precision machining of various guide surfaces and guide holes, leaving a margin for precision machining process reference holes and height reference surfaces, and recording data;
6. Check and recheck the machining accuracy;
7. The fitter inlaying process;
8. Before precision machining, align the process reference hole reference surface and check the allowance of the embedded block;
9. 2D and 3D precision machining surfaces, side punch surfaces and hole positions, precision machining process reference holes and height references, precision machining guide surfaces and guide holes;
10. Check and recheck the machining accuracy.
1. The process planning should be concise and expressed in detail, and the processing content should be expressed numerically as much as possible;
2. At the key and difficult points of processing, special emphasis should be placed on the craftsmanship;
3. Need to combine processing areas and express the process clearly;
4. When the inlay needs to be processed separately, pay attention to the process requirements for processing accuracy;
5. After combined processing, the embedded parts that need to be processed separately shall meet the benchmark requirements for process installation and separate processing during combined processing;
6. In mold processing, springs are the most easily damaged, so it is necessary to choose mold springs with long fatigue life. Mold springs made in Europe and America have a long fatigue life, and famous brands include
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